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Registro: 13 (1 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, characterization, and linkage mapping in quinoa

Autores UMSS: Rojas-Beltrán J.A.

Autores: Maughan P.J., Smith S.M., Elzinga D., Raney J.A., Jellen E.N., Bonifacio A., Udall J.A., Fairbanks D.J.

Facultad: Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas, Pecuarias y Forestales

Centro: Centro de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Agropecuario y Forestal (CByNAF)

Editorial: Crop Science Society of America

Fecha de Publicación: 2012 Numero de Paginas 114-125

Abstract:
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an important seed crop throughout the Andean region of South America. It is important as a regional food security crop for millions of impoverished rural inhabitants of the Andean Altiplano (high plains). Efforts to improve the crop have led to an increased focus on genetic research. We report the identification of 14,178 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a genomic reduction protocol as well as the development of 511 functional SNP assays. The SNP assays are based on KASPar genotyping chemistry and were detected using the Fluidigm dynamic array platform. A diversity screen of 113 quinoa accessions showed that the minor allele frequency (MAF) of the SNPs ranged from 0.02 to 0.50, with an average MAF of 0.28. Structure analysis of the quinoa diversity panel uncovered the two major subgroups corresponding to the Andean and coastal quinoa ecotypes. Linkage mapping of the SNPs in two recombinant inbred line populations produced an integrated linkage map consisting of 29 linkage groups with 20 large linkage groups, spanning 1404 cM with a marker density of 3.1 cM per SNP marker. The SNPs identified here represent important genomic tools needed in emerging plant breeding programs for advanced genetic analysis of agronomic traits in quinoa.

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Centro de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Agropecuario y Forestal (CByNAF) en la facultade de Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas, Pecuarias y Forestales

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Registro: 12 (2 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Strategies of the poorest in local water conflict and cooperation-evidence from Vietnam, Bolivia and Zambia

Autores UMSS: Bustamante R.

Autores: Funder M., Cossio V., Huong P.T.M., van Koppen B., Mweemba C., Nyambe I., Phuong L.T.T., Skielboe T.

Facultad: Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y Forestales

Centro: Centro Andino Para la Gestión y Uso Del Agua (Centro Agua)

Fecha de Publicación: 2012 Numero de Paginas 20-36

Abstract:
Media stories often speak of a future dominated by large-scale water wars. Rather less attention hasbeen paid to the way water conflicts play out at local levels and form part of people’s everyday lives. Based oncase study studies from Vietnam, Bolivia and Zambia, this paper examines the strategies of poor households inlocal water conflicts. It is shown how such households may not only engage actively in collaborative watermanagement but may also apply risk aversion strategies when faced with powerful adversaries in conflictsituations. It is further shown how dependency relations between poor and wealthy households can reduce thescope of action for the poor in water conflicts. As a result, poor households can be forced to abstain fromdefending their water resources in order to maintain socio-economic and political ties with the very samehouseholds that oppose them in water conflicts. The paper concludes by briefly discussing how the poorest can besupported in local water conflicts. This includes ensuring that alternative spaces for expressing grievances existand are accessible; facilitating that water sharing agreements and rights are clearly stipulated and monitored; andworking beyond water governance to reduce the socio-economic dependency-relations of poor households

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Centro Andino Para la Gestión y Uso Del Agua (Centro Agua) en la facultade de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y Forestales

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Registro: 11 (3 / 13)

Título del Articulo: The importance of place names in the search for ecosystem-like concepts in indigenous societies: An example from the Bolivian Andes

Autores UMSS: Serrano E.

Autores: Boillat S., Rist S., Berkes F.

Facultad: Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias

Editorial: Springer US

Fecha de Publicación: 2013 Numero de Paginas 663-678

Abstract:
This paper aims to deepen the search for ecosystem-like concepts in indigenous societies by highlighting the importance of place names used by Quechua indigenous farmers from the central Bolivian Andes. Villagers from two communities in the Tunari Mountain Range were asked to list, describe, map and categorize the places they knew on their community's territory. Results show that place names capture spatially explicit units which integrate biotic and abiotic nature and humans, and that there is an emphasis on topographic terms, highlighting the importance of geodiversity. Farmers' perspectives differ from the classical view of ecosystems because they 'humanize' places, considering them as living beings with agency. Consequently, they do not make a distinction between natural and cultural heritage. Their perspective of the environment is that of a personalized, dynamic relationship with the elements of the natural world that are perceived as living entities. A practical implication of the findings for sustainable development is that since places names make the links between people and the elements of the landscape, toponymy is a tool for ecosystem management rooted in indigenous knowledge. Because place names refer to holistic units linked with people's experience and spatially explicit, they can be used as an entry point to implement an intercultural dialogue for more sustainable land management.

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Registro: 10 (4 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Growth curves and genetic parameters for growth traits in Bolivian llamas

Autores UMSS: Stemmer A.

Autores: Wurzinger M., Delgado J., Nürnberg M., Valle Zárate A., Ugarte G., Sölkner J.

Facultad: Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias

Editorial: Elsevier Science

Fecha de Publicación: 2005 Numero de Paginas 73-81

Abstract:
The present study was carried out in the High Andes of the Department Cochabamba, Bolivia. Two types of llamas were found in the study area: Th'ampullis with higher fleece yields and fitting a fibre type; Kh'aras used as pack animals and fitting a meat-type. Growth curves for height at withers (HW), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), abdomen circumference (AC) and body weight (BW) were described with the non-linear Brody function. The differences between sexes or types, except in the case of BW, were small.Equations for predicting body weight from different body measurements that could be easily obtained under field conditions were calculated. Reasonable fits were obtained with the inclusion of chest circumference and body length or chest circumference alone.Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated using animal model procedures based on mother–offspring relationships. Heritabilitiy estimates were 0.36, 0.27, 0.15, 0.09 and 0.11 for BW, HW, CC, BL and AC, genetic correlations ranged from 0.55 to 0.94.

Sitio web: sciencedirect

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Registro: 9 (5 / 13)

Título del Articulo: A comparison of fixed- and mixed-effects modeling in tree growth and yield prediction of an indigenous neotropical species (Centrolobium tomentosum) in a plantation system

Autores UMSS: Guzmán, G

Autores: de-Miguel S., Guzmán G., Pukkala T.

Facultad: Escuela Forestal

Centro: ESFOR

Fecha de Publicación: 2013 Numero de Paginas 249 - 258

Abstract:
Centrolobium tomentosum is a multipurpose pioneer tree species, indigenous in tropical South America and suitable for forest restoration, agroforestry and plantation systems. Despite its economic and ecological interest, no growth and yield models have been developed for this species so far. Fixed- and mixed-effects modeling can be used in model fitting, each technique having its pros and cons. Marginal predictions can be computed from fixed-effects models or randomized mixed-effects models. In forestry practice, models are seldom calibrated and mixed-effects models are mostly used to provide conditional predictions using only the fixed parameters, assuming that the random effects are zero. This study developed the first set of individual-tree growth and yield models for C. tomentosum and, by using the models, assessed the performance of three prediction approaches: fixed-effects models, conditional predictions of mixed-effects-models and marginal predictions of mixed-effects models. The fitted models predict maximum mean annual bole volume increments of 5.6–16.6 m3/ha and optimal rotation lengths ranging from 11 to 21 years, depending on site quality. Fixed-effects modeling was the best approach in growth and yield prediction, followed by conditional predictions of mixed-effects models, whereas marginal predictions based on mixed-effects models were in general the least accurate. Fixed-effects models should therefore be preferred in the absence of calibration data. However, since calibration is sometimes a feasible option, research articles should report both fixed- and mixed-effects models in order to enable the computation of the best predictions with and without the possibility of model calibration.

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : ESFOR en la facultade de Escuela Forestal

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Registro: 8 (6 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Development of Peptide-Based Lineage-Specific Serology for Chronic Chagas Disease: Geographical and Clinical Distribution of Epitope Recognition

Autores UMSS: Lineth Garcia

Autores: Bhattacharyya T., Falconar A.K., Luquetti A.O., Costales J.A., Grijalva M.J., Lewis M.D., Messenger L.A., Tran T.T., Ramirez J.-D., Guhl F., Carrasco H.J., Diosque P., Garcia L., Litvinov S.V., Miles M.A.

Facultad: Medicina

Centro: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED)

Fecha de Publicación: mayo 2014 Numero de Paginas 1 - 12

Abstract:
Background: Chagas disease, caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public healthissue in Latin America. Genetically diverse, the species is sub-divided into six lineages, known as TcI–TcVI, which havedisparate geographical and ecological distributions. TcII, TcV, and TcVI are associated with severe human disease in theSouthern Cone countries, whereas TcI is associated with cardiomyopathy north of the Amazon. T. cruzi persists as a chronicinfection, with cardiac and/or gastrointestinal symptoms developing years or decades after initial infection. Identifying anindividual’s history of T. cruzi lineage infection directly by genotyping of the parasite is complicated by the low parasitaemiaand sequestration in the host tissues.

Sitio web: Journals

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED) en la facultade de Medicina

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Registro: 7 (7 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Design of a village breeding programme for a llama population in the High Andes of Bolivia

Autores UMSS: Stemmer, A.

Autores: Wurzinger M., Willam A., Delgado J., Nürnberg M., Zárate A.V., Stemmer A., Ugarte G., Sölkner J.

Facultad: Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias

Fecha de Publicación: octubre 2008 Numero de Paginas 311 - 319

Abstract:
No national breeding programme for llamas is in place in Bolivia. Initiatives for genetic improvement are rarely found and are usually carried out by NGOs working in rural development or improvement of livestock production or research stations. Farmers in the Province of Ayopaya in the District of Cochabamba have formed a breeders’ organization with the aim of improving fibre production. In this study, a detailed outline of a breeding programme with a focus on organizational and technical details is described. Facing constraints like illiteracy of farmers, bad infrastructure and lack of finances, a simple breeding programme is set up. The breeding goal is a higher fleece weight while keeping the fleece quality at the current high level. Greasy fleece weight and fibre diameter are identified as main selection criteria. Mass selection of males is carried out. Selected males are either exchanged between farmers and used in the herds or are kept during the mating season in a central mating station owned by the breeders’ organization. Model calculations were carried out with the program zplan, which is based on a deterministic approach. zplan evaluates the genetic and economic efficiency of breeding strategies considering one cycle of selection. Scenarios with only intra‐herd use, using only the central mating station or combinations of those were compared in terms of expected genetic gain and expected increase of inbreeding. Fastest genetic progress is achieved when the males are kept in a central mating station as the selection intensity is on a high level. Rates of inbreeding vary between 0.08 and 0.32% per generation.

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Registro: 6 (8 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Floral herbivory affects female reproductive success and pollinator visitation in the perennial herb Alstroemeria Ligtu (Alstroemeriaceae)

Autores UMSS: Manuel Ojeda-Camacho,

Autores: Botto-Mahan C., Ramírez P.A., Ossa C.G., Medel R., Ojeda-Camacho M., González A.V.

Facultad: Escuela Forestal (ESFOR)

Centro: Escuela Forestal (ESFOR)

Abstract:
Floral damage can reduce flower attractiveness for pollinator service. However, the reproductive impact of flower herbivory may be contingent on a petal that is damaged. Flowers having nectar guides are expected to suffer reduction in reproductive success when damage is concentrated on these structures compared to petals less involved in pollinator attraction. In this study, we recorded the reflectance pattern of distinctive yellow tepals of Alstroemeria ligtu and examined their functional role for pollinator attraction and reproductive success. We quantified the richness and abundance of pollinator species attracted to flowers and estimated fruit set and seed production in flowers subject to (1) nectar guide removal, (2) lateral red tepal removal, and (3) unmanipulated flowers. Results indicate that nectar guide removal reduced pollinator visitation rate but did not affect community-level descriptors such as pollinator species richness and flower diversity. The reduction in visitation rate translated into a reduced fruit set and seed production, hence confirming that nectar guides have a clear functional role in the pollination process. We conclude that the location where damage occurs is a relevant factor for pollinator attraction and subsequent reproductive success in this species, suggesting that nectar guide damage may disrupt fine-tuned plant-pollinator communication systems.

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Escuela Forestal (ESFOR) en la facultade de Escuela Forestal (ESFOR)

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Registro: 5 (9 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Floral herbivory affects female reproductive success and pollinator visitation in the perennial herb Alstroemeria Ligtu (Alstroemeriaceae)

Autores UMSS: Manuel Ojeda-Camacho,

Autores: Botto-Mahan C., Ramírez P.A., Ossa C.G., Medel R., González A.V.

Facultad: ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES (ESFOR)

Fecha de Publicación: 2011 Numero de Paginas

Sitio web: journals

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Registro: 4 (10 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Ancient and modern steps during the domestication of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.)

Autores UMSS: Rico E., Rivas C.

Autores: Spotorno A.E., Marín J.C., Manríquez G., Valladares J.P.

Facultad: Ciencias Agricolas, Pecuarias y Forestales "Martin Cardenas"

Centro: Centro de Mejora Genética y Manejo del Cuy (MEJOCUY)

Fecha de Publicación: 2006 Numero de Paginas 57-62

Abstract:
To test whether there are differences between living lineages of domestic guinea pigs Cavia porcellus, we studied 118 specimens from six breeds collected along six Andean countries as well as 15 from the wild cavy species (Cavia tschudii). The mean weight and body length of 15 adult wild cavies (295±31 g, 242±8.3 mm) were significantly smaller than 25 creole guinea pigs from Bolivia and Chile (639±157 g, 287±23.7 mm, respectively). Eighteen laboratory/pet guinea pigs (including the English Pirbright breed) were also smaller (900±173 g, 308±21 mm) than 25 improved ones from Peru (Tamborada breed, 1241±75.4 g, 317±12 mm) and Ecuador (Auqui breed, 1138±65.5 g, 307±8 mm). Similar size increases appeared in the first axis of a principal component analysis of six skeletal measurements, recovering 84% of total variation. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses of complete cytochrome b gene sequences consistently joined all 22 domestic individuals (13 shared unambiguous substitutions, 100% bootstrap in 1000 replicates), probably from a single first ancient domestication in the western Andes. Six laboratory/pet sequences were also joined within a common branch (six shared substitutions, 96% bootstrap), probably from a documented European second phase. By contrast, those from improved Auqui joined a northern creole subgroup (one shared substitution, 84% bootstrap), and those from Nativa and improved Tamborada clustered together and with a southern creole subgroup (four shared substitutions, 86% bootstrap); this suggests at least two independent modern events during a more complex third phase, producing two improved guinea pigs selected for size and meat. Cavia tschudii sequences showed some unexpected geographic variation.

Sitio web: zslpublications

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Centro de Mejora Genética y Manejo del Cuy (MEJOCUY) en la facultade de Ciencias Agricolas, Pecuarias y Forestales "Martin Cardenas"

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Registro: 3 (11 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Quantifying rural livelihood strategies in developing countries using an activity choice approach

Autores UMSS: Uberhuaga, P

Autores: Nielsen O.J., Rayamajhi S., Meilby H., Smith-Hall C.

Facultad: Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias “Dr. Martín Cárdenas”

Centro: ESFOR

Fecha de Publicación: 2013 Numero de Paginas 57-71

Abstract:
This article uses a quantitative activity choice approach, based on identification of activity variables and application of latent class cluster analysis, to identify five major rural livelihood strategies pursued by households (n= 576) in Bolivia, Nepal, and Mozambique. Income sources and welfare outcomes are compared across strategies and household differences in asset holdings are analyzed using multinomial logit regression. Findings reveal that income diversification is the norm, that a higher degree of specialization does not characterize more remunerative livelihood strategies, that nonfarm income significantly contributes to higher income earnings, that environmental reliance does not vary across strategies, and that small‐scale farmers are the largest and poorest livelihood group. Some livelihood strategies are superior to all other strategies in terms of income earned; access to more remunerative livelihood strategies is determined by land ownership, education, and ethnic affiliation. Finally, the article also highlights that additional work is required to determine the most suitable methods for livelihood strategy identification.

Sitio web: onlinelibrary

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : ESFOR en la facultade de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias “Dr. Martín Cárdenas”

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Registro: 2 (12 / 13)

Título del Articulo: Formal law and local water control in the Andean region: A fiercely contested field

Autores UMSS: Bustamante R.

Autores: de Vos H. - Boelens R. - Bustamante R.

Centro: CENTRO AGUA-Agronomia

Editorial: Taylor Francis Online

Fecha de Publicación: 2006 Numero de Paginas 37-48

Abstract:
Water access and control rights of peasant and indigenous communities in Andean countries are threatened. Vertical state law and intervention practices, as well as new privatization policies generally ignore, discriminate or undermine local normative frameworks. Recognition of diverse local rights and management frameworks is crucial for improving rural livelihoods but also for national food security. The paper outlines some important findings from the WALIR program (Water Law and Indigenous Rights).

Sitio web: tandfonline

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Título del Articulo: Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress I. Effects of drought on yield and photosynthesis

Autores UMSS: Rodrigo Meneses

Autores: Lizana C. - Wentworth M. - Martinez J.P. - Villegas D. - Meneses R. - Murchie E.H. - Pastenes C. - Lercari B. - Vernieri P. - Horton P. - Pinto M.

Centro: Agronomia-Agronomia

Editorial: Oxford Academic

Fecha de Publicación: 2006 Numero de Paginas 685-697

Abstract:
The yield of 24 commercial varieties and accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been determined at different sites in Chile and Bolivia. Statistical analysis was performed in order to characterize whether a particular variety was more or less stable in yield under different environmental conditions. Amongst these, two varieties have been identified for more detailed study: one variety has a higher than average yield under unstressed conditions but is strongly affected by stress, and another has a reduced yield under unstressed conditions but is less affected by stress. The contrasting rate of abscission of the reproductive organs under drought stress was clearly consistent with these differences.

Sitio web: academic

Para mas informacion aproximarse por : Agronomia-Agronomia en la facultade de

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